THE BIOLGY OF HIV

THE BIOLOGY OF HIV TRANSMISSION

One way HIV is transmitted is through Sex.
The sexual transmission of HIV is a complex process that begins with a person being exposed to the virus and ends with infection . for an HIV exposure to pose risk of infection, specific body fluids from an HIV positive person need to come into contact with specific body parts of an HIV-NEGATIVE person.
This happens most often through anal or viginal sex.
If a person is HIV positive,only some of their bodily fluids  contain enough virus to transmit HIV sexually.
This includes:
               * semens, pre-cum,viginal fluid and rectal fluid
                Blood also contains enough virus to transmit
                 Hiv,but not commonly involved in the sexual
                transmission of HIV.
Transmission may occur if sufficient quantity of these body fluids get in to someone else bloodstream.


Since Hiv is a blood-borne infection,those individuals engaging in intravenous drug use and sharing needles can easily transmit the virus in this manner.
HIV is a very small retrovirus and it's high mutation leads to extremely variable viral population, both within and between individuals.It is coated with glycoprotein 12, (gp 130) which it uses to bind to and infect a range of CD4 cells depending on the co - receptor specificity.



To cause an infection after an exposure,HIV first needs to cross the cell layer,and then avoid being destroyed by the immune cells.if the virus overcomes these defenses, it can then spread past  the site of infection to other part of the body by entering the blood and lymphatic vessels in the mucous membrane tissue. Once HIV has spread through the body,the virus can establish infections in different organs and tissues.
At this point, the HIV infection becomes permanent.
HIV can travel across the cell layer and enter the body on its own, but damaged cell layer can make it easier for HIV to get across.



NB: The more HIV that the cell layer is exposed,the greater the chance that one  or more virus particles will be able to find  a  way past the layer, enters the tissue and cause infection.


Judy

Comments

  1. Yasmin Abdisaman25 January 2019 at 08:22

    Antiretroviral therapy or ART is the use of HIV medicines to treat HIV infection. People on ART take a combination of HIV medicines from at least two different HIV drug classes every day. Because each class of drugs is designed to target a specific step in the HIV life cycle, ART is very effective at preventing HIV from multiplying. ART also reduces the risk of HIV drug resistance.

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  2. Koech25 January 2019 at 08:42

    Then as per you're description ...I think oral sex can also transmit HIV the scenario where a negative person might have broken skin in the mouth and since semen can be a mode of transmission or maybe the positive person has scaring in the private areas can't it also transmit HIV

    Kaisy

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  3. Quinter25 January 2019 at 09:34

    HIV/AIDs is and will continue to be one of the greatest medical challenge world as faced as a whole .prevention and following the instructiins given about it is the only what can currently be used to stem the tide of this ever growing epidermic

    ReplyDelete
  4. Naomi26 January 2019 at 07:34

    This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  5. Naomi26 January 2019 at 07:39

    By now people understands the different modes that HIV can transfer from a positive person to a negative person. Some of these modes include sexual intercourse with an infected person, transmission of body fluids like blood and sperms. By people being aware of this modes,they can easily protect themselves against getting the virus. By Naomi.

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  6. Jamal26 January 2019 at 14:41

    The use of condoms should be embraced during sexual intercourse in a case where one partner is HIV+ and the other one is HIV-ve to avoid coming into contact with the body fluids.The can prevent the spread of HIV....Edward

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  7. benson27 January 2019 at 11:53

    The most mode of transmission of Hiv virus is through unprotected sex and also the protection is not believed to be 100% sure.

    ReplyDelete
  8. Pauline27 January 2019 at 22:09

    I think people should make use of condoms during sexual intercourse to minimize the spread of HIV.

    ReplyDelete
  9. Serah27 January 2019 at 22:33

    People should stop having unprotected sex so that the rate of HIV transmission through sex can reduce

    ReplyDelete
  10. Unknown27 January 2019 at 23:36

    Most of the young peope are getting hiv through the unprotected sex and also the use of drugs because of the sharing the needles between the hiv+ and hiv- people

    ReplyDelete
  11. Sharon28 January 2019 at 00:04

    This is very true, engaging in sexual intercourse with an infected person is the most common way of HIV infection, women are the most affected because they are always the receivers, unmarried people should abstain from sex, married couples should be faithful to one another to reduce the spread and infection of HIV.

    ReplyDelete
  12. Mueni28 January 2019 at 03:40

    As a high percentage of HIV is caused through sexual intercourse which is unprotect,, obviously the youth should abstain and the married should remain faithful to reduce the rate of Hiv spread.by Christine

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  13. Ian Wanjohi 28 January 2019 at 09:48

    Itis important to note that if an exposure occurs, there is no way of reducing the risk of infection to zero. This means that avoiding an exposure in the first place—by using condoms and knowing your partner’s HIV status—is the most effective method of preventing infection

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  14. Unknown28 January 2019 at 10:50

    protected sex reduces transmission and most people are saying in such cases condoms should be used remember that at times the condoms might be damaged and the fluids will get contact. In short people should abstain from sex. By; Samia

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  15. Anonymous28 January 2019 at 11:20

    The appearance of AIDS in most cases is via several routes of transmission: anal and vaginal sex; contaminated needles; blood and blood products, various fluid exchange points of mothers and infants, both in uterus and through breast-feeding.

    ReplyDelete
  16. Selina28 January 2019 at 11:56

    HIV is a dangerous disease because it destroys the CD4 cells thus weakening the body immune system.this makes the white blood cells unable to fight any diseases that enters the body. A person might end up dying because of a symple disease such as a running stomach or even coughing.

    ReplyDelete
  17. Emily28 January 2019 at 12:03

    STIs for example syphillis, gonorrhoea, herpes etc also make it very easy for HIV to get into the body. An untreated STI in either partner increases the risk of HIV transmission during unprotected sex ten-fold. It is also possible to transmit the virus if either partner has a history of having had an STI.

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  18. Nisteho29 January 2019 at 11:44

    If HIV is not treated with antiretroviral treatment,which works by preventing the virus from replicating then the body is exposed to opportunistic infections which can cause serious illness.

    ReplyDelete
  19. Angelyne otieno30 January 2019 at 08:25

    Most scenarios shows Hiv is transmitted through sexual intercourse and ones it destroy the CD4 cells no turning back,to make it short youths let's abstain and married people just be faithful.Hiv is dangerous.

    ReplyDelete
  20. mercy mbuthia31 January 2019 at 09:34

    AIDS was recognized in 1981 in USA among male homosexuals, in 1983 the cause of syndrome was discovered to be a virus (HIV)since its role was lowering immunity of those affected and later in 1986 a discovery was made in West Africa

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  21. Anonymous4 February 2019 at 00:35

    AIDs is a very dangerous disease that has no cure once it destroys the CD 4 cells no other way but for you as an individual to start using ARVs soo the best way is abstainance for the un married and being faithfull by the marriage.

    ReplyDelete
  22. faith4 February 2019 at 02:34

    HIV/AIDS being a dangerous disease,most of people knows the cause and the transmission but they are still practising what they being informed not to do because they think the ARVs will help them of which these ARVs will not cure the HIV/AIDS.SO the best way is to abstain for unmarried and be faithful to your partners.BY FAITH

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  23. EMMA4 February 2019 at 03:53

    Mycobacteria ,especially M.avium complex and M.tuberculosis infections ,are closely associated with hiv disease .hiv is a very small retrovirus and its high mutation rate leads to extreamly viral populations both between and within individuals......by Immaculate

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  24. Unknown6 February 2019 at 06:22

    i think this are so of the METHODS OF CONTRACEPTION: that can be used stop spread of hiv
    There are different methods of contraception, including:

    long-acting reversible contraception, such as the implant or intra uterine device (IUD)
    hormonal contraception, such the pill or the Depo Provera injection
    barrier methods, such as condoms
    emergency contraception
    fertility awareness
    permanent contraception, such as vasectomy and tubal ligation VICTOR MUTUA.

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  25. Unknown7 February 2019 at 05:01

    It's important to know your status and that of your partner.With this it will be easy to control the spread of HIV.

    Maureen

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  26. Judy8 February 2019 at 07:19

    Persons with early HIV infection may represent high
    transmission risk to their partners.

    ReplyDelete
  27. Unknown9 February 2019 at 18:32

    HIV is a very small retrovirus and it's high mutation rate leads to extremely variable viral populations, both within and between individuals. It's coated with glycoprotein, which it uses to bind to and infect a range of CD4+,which leads to extremely variable viral infections like tuberculosis infections.
    MARY MUSYOKA

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  28. Unknown10 February 2019 at 07:09

    The more HIV cell layer is exposed ,the greater the chance of one or more virus particles will enter the tissue and cause infections...... By Rahma

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  29. Fatuma11 February 2019 at 08:34

    Since the most obvious way the disease is transmitted is trough sex let everyone abstain from that act

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  30. Irene muthoni15 February 2019 at 04:30

    I still strongly think abstaining is the main key to stopping this epidemic,stay faithful and get tested.spread the word.

    ReplyDelete
  31. Zahara Ibrahim27 February 2019 at 20:17

    The biology of hiv of hiv infection my co bacteria especially avium completed m tuber infection are closely associated with hiv desease.hiv is Avery small retrovirus and it's high mutation rate lead to extremely variable viral both with in and between individuals.by Zahara

    ReplyDelete
  32. Peter2 March 2019 at 21:26

    HIV can be transmitted through bodily fluids the best way is to be carefull and use any preventions measures like condoms and practise the ABC method in all abstain from unprotected sex.

    ReplyDelete
  33. Unknown3 March 2019 at 09:47

    If someone doesn’t take their treatment correctly or consistently, drug resistance can develop. At this point the drugs are no longer stopping the virus from replicating.

    ReplyDelete
  34. Paul shikanda6 March 2019 at 21:46

    Sexual acts are the main causes of HIV . This means that protection should be the first priority before engaging into sex.

    ReplyDelete
  35. ZAKARIYA R SHEIKH7 March 2019 at 10:08

    Because HIV multiplies very quickly in the early stages of infection, patients with early HIV infection may be more likely to transmit HIV to their partners. The amount of HIV in blood, genital fluid, and saliva may determine the risk for transmission.

    ReplyDelete
  36. Benjamin william9 March 2019 at 21:10

    Before entering in the act of having sex with your partner is importants to go and check your both conditions

    ReplyDelete
  37. rachel gichia12 March 2019 at 00:29

    Condoms are most prefered but not at best since they can leak,so the most prefered method is abstainance

    ReplyDelete
  38. Unknown16 March 2019 at 04:10

    I think sextual are the main causes of hiv nd am encouraging peoples should take care untill marriage.

    By Zamzam Ahmed

    ReplyDelete
  39. Dennis maina23 March 2019 at 14:30

    It is advisable to your partners status so as to be keen on the preventive measures of hiv transmission

    ReplyDelete
  40. Benjamin william23 March 2019 at 21:52

    Its good for partners to be open to one anothers so that the other partner can know the stetus,,,

    ReplyDelete

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