OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION
MOST COMMON OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS FOR PEOPLE LIVING WITH AIDS
1)Invasive cervical cancer
This is a cancer that starts within the cervix ,and then spreads to other parts of the body.High risk HPV is estimated to cause all cervical cancer cases.HPV is sexually transmitted ,but not only through penetrative sex ,it can be transmitted through skin to skin contact,such as penile to vulvar contact and other sexuall contact for which people do not use condoms.Women with Hiv infection are at a higher risk of developing cervical cancer due to the lower number of CD4 cells in their bodies.
2)Coccidioidomycosis
This illness is caused by the fungus coccidiodides immitis.It is commonly acquired by unhalling fungal spores,which can lead to pneumonia that is sometimes called desert fever.
3)cryptosporidiosis,chronic intestinal
This diarrheal disease is caused by the protozoan parasite cryptosporidium .Symptoms include abdominal cramps and severe chronic waterly diarrhea.Cryptosporidium is commonly isolated in HIV positive patients presenting with diarrhoea .
4)Cytomegalovirus diseases.
This virus can infect multiple parts of the body and can cause pneumonia ,gastroenterits(especially infection of the collon),encephalitis (infection)of the brain ,and sight -threatening retinitis (infection of the retina at the back of the eye).CMV retinitis is a medical emergency because it can cause blindness if not treated promptly .Cytomegalovirus retinitis is the most common ocular opportunistic infection ,representing 90% of the infectious retinitis ,20%-30% of the patients living with Aids develop CMV retinis.it usually occurs in the late stages of the disease (about 18months after the declaration of the clinical onset)in patients with a lower limit of CD4 levels of 50/mmc.
5)Encephalopathy,HIV related.
This brain disorder is a result of HIV infection .it can occur as a part of acute HIV infection or can can result to infection of the brain with HIV and the resulting inflammation.
6)Histoplasmosis.
This illness is caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum.Histoplasma most often infects the lungs and produces symptoms that are simmilar to those of influenza or pneumonia.people with severely damaged immune system can get very serious form of the disease called progressive disseminated histoplasmosis.This form of histoplasmosis can last a long time and involves organs other than the lungs.
7)lymphoma,multiple forms.
Lymphoma refers to cancer of the lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissues in the body.there are many different kinds if lymphomas.some types, such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma and hodgkin lymphoma ,are associated with HIV infection
8)Tuberculosis
When your immune system is weak ,TB germs can multiply and cause symptoms .someone infected with both HIV and TB is atleast 10 times most likely to develop active TB,especially when their CD4 count, is under 200.Regardless of your CD4 count, having both infections means you have Aids,the advanced stage of HIV .Worldwide ,Tb is a leading cause of death for people with HIV.
9)Wasting syndrome due to HIV
Wasting is defined as the involuntary waste of more than 10% of ones body weight while having experienced diarrhoea or weakness and feaver for more than 30days.Wasting refers to the loss of more muscle mass ,although part of the weight loss may also be due to loss of fat.
Mutuku Mutua
1)Invasive cervical cancer
This is a cancer that starts within the cervix ,and then spreads to other parts of the body.High risk HPV is estimated to cause all cervical cancer cases.HPV is sexually transmitted ,but not only through penetrative sex ,it can be transmitted through skin to skin contact,such as penile to vulvar contact and other sexuall contact for which people do not use condoms.Women with Hiv infection are at a higher risk of developing cervical cancer due to the lower number of CD4 cells in their bodies.
2)Coccidioidomycosis
This illness is caused by the fungus coccidiodides immitis.It is commonly acquired by unhalling fungal spores,which can lead to pneumonia that is sometimes called desert fever.
3)cryptosporidiosis,chronic intestinal
This diarrheal disease is caused by the protozoan parasite cryptosporidium .Symptoms include abdominal cramps and severe chronic waterly diarrhea.Cryptosporidium is commonly isolated in HIV positive patients presenting with diarrhoea .
4)Cytomegalovirus diseases.
This virus can infect multiple parts of the body and can cause pneumonia ,gastroenterits(especially infection of the collon),encephalitis (infection)of the brain ,and sight -threatening retinitis (infection of the retina at the back of the eye).CMV retinitis is a medical emergency because it can cause blindness if not treated promptly .Cytomegalovirus retinitis is the most common ocular opportunistic infection ,representing 90% of the infectious retinitis ,20%-30% of the patients living with Aids develop CMV retinis.it usually occurs in the late stages of the disease (about 18months after the declaration of the clinical onset)in patients with a lower limit of CD4 levels of 50/mmc.
5)Encephalopathy,HIV related.
This brain disorder is a result of HIV infection .it can occur as a part of acute HIV infection or can can result to infection of the brain with HIV and the resulting inflammation.
6)Histoplasmosis.
This illness is caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum.Histoplasma most often infects the lungs and produces symptoms that are simmilar to those of influenza or pneumonia.people with severely damaged immune system can get very serious form of the disease called progressive disseminated histoplasmosis.This form of histoplasmosis can last a long time and involves organs other than the lungs.
7)lymphoma,multiple forms.
Lymphoma refers to cancer of the lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissues in the body.there are many different kinds if lymphomas.some types, such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma and hodgkin lymphoma ,are associated with HIV infection
8)Tuberculosis
When your immune system is weak ,TB germs can multiply and cause symptoms .someone infected with both HIV and TB is atleast 10 times most likely to develop active TB,especially when their CD4 count, is under 200.Regardless of your CD4 count, having both infections means you have Aids,the advanced stage of HIV .Worldwide ,Tb is a leading cause of death for people with HIV.
9)Wasting syndrome due to HIV
Wasting is defined as the involuntary waste of more than 10% of ones body weight while having experienced diarrhoea or weakness and feaver for more than 30days.Wasting refers to the loss of more muscle mass ,although part of the weight loss may also be due to loss of fat.
Mutuku Mutua
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