HIV LIFE LIFE CYCLE
HIV LIFE CYCLE
An HIV particle approaches attaches to a lymphocyte (Lymphocytes which include helper T cells and killer T cells, are small white blood cells that are critical in immune defense and are HIV principal target). In order replicate itself, an HIV particle must get Its RNA, which is the blueprint for a new particle, inside the host cell. To do that, the viral particle must first bind to two chief receptors on the outside of the host cell, much like a key fitting into a lock. If even one of these receptors, which are known as CD4 and CCR5 receptors, is missing, the viral core containing the RNA will not get into the cell. The binding process is facilitated by a molecule on the surface of the HIV particle called GP 120. Once the viral particle has successfully bind end to the host cell, its core can pass through the cell wall into the cells cytoplasm. The core then dissolves, leaving the RNA and catalyzing enzymes ready to begin the process of replication. Viral RNA transforms itself into double stranded DNA, and then integrates into the host cell’s DNA in order to produce new viral RNA.
Once inside a host cell, the viral RNA migrates toward the nucleus through the cells cytoplasm and eventually through the nuclear membrane. A series of steps that ultimately ends in a new HIV particle follows. First, through process known as reverse transcription, the enzymes known as reverse transcriptase catalyzes the formation of double stranded viral DNA using the single stranded viral RNA as template. Employing other enzymes such as integrase, the new viral RNA then breaks open the host cell’s DNA and integrates itself to it. This leads to the formation of a new viral RNA strand, which migrates out of the host DNA. The new viral moves into the cytoplasm, where new viral proteins are built using the viral RNA as a blueprint.
A new viral particle is assembled and then migrates out of the host cell to infect the new cells. Once the viral protein parts have been built, they are assembled into a new HIV particle. This particle is an exact duplicate of HIV particle from which its sprung, complete with two copies of viral RNA and the enzymes needed for reverse transcription. The new HIV particle moves out of the cell, where it heads off to infect the another cell and perpetuate the cycle.
The process repeats itself continuously, with many thousands of HIV particle produced simultaneously in the body. After repeated assaults by viral particles, host cell die, having exhausted their energy and molecular building supplies while generating HIV viruses. This suppresses a patient’s immune system and leaves him or her to open infection by other infectious agents, including bacteria, fungi and other viruses.
VINCENT OMONDI
An HIV particle approaches attaches to a lymphocyte (Lymphocytes which include helper T cells and killer T cells, are small white blood cells that are critical in immune defense and are HIV principal target). In order replicate itself, an HIV particle must get Its RNA, which is the blueprint for a new particle, inside the host cell. To do that, the viral particle must first bind to two chief receptors on the outside of the host cell, much like a key fitting into a lock. If even one of these receptors, which are known as CD4 and CCR5 receptors, is missing, the viral core containing the RNA will not get into the cell. The binding process is facilitated by a molecule on the surface of the HIV particle called GP 120. Once the viral particle has successfully bind end to the host cell, its core can pass through the cell wall into the cells cytoplasm. The core then dissolves, leaving the RNA and catalyzing enzymes ready to begin the process of replication. Viral RNA transforms itself into double stranded DNA, and then integrates into the host cell’s DNA in order to produce new viral RNA.
Once inside a host cell, the viral RNA migrates toward the nucleus through the cells cytoplasm and eventually through the nuclear membrane. A series of steps that ultimately ends in a new HIV particle follows. First, through process known as reverse transcription, the enzymes known as reverse transcriptase catalyzes the formation of double stranded viral DNA using the single stranded viral RNA as template. Employing other enzymes such as integrase, the new viral RNA then breaks open the host cell’s DNA and integrates itself to it. This leads to the formation of a new viral RNA strand, which migrates out of the host DNA. The new viral moves into the cytoplasm, where new viral proteins are built using the viral RNA as a blueprint.
A new viral particle is assembled and then migrates out of the host cell to infect the new cells. Once the viral protein parts have been built, they are assembled into a new HIV particle. This particle is an exact duplicate of HIV particle from which its sprung, complete with two copies of viral RNA and the enzymes needed for reverse transcription. The new HIV particle moves out of the cell, where it heads off to infect the another cell and perpetuate the cycle.
The process repeats itself continuously, with many thousands of HIV particle produced simultaneously in the body. After repeated assaults by viral particles, host cell die, having exhausted their energy and molecular building supplies while generating HIV viruses. This suppresses a patient’s immune system and leaves him or her to open infection by other infectious agents, including bacteria, fungi and other viruses.
VINCENT OMONDI
Comments
Post a Comment