CD4 CELLS

HIV AND AIDS OVERVIEW SUMMARY
  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that destroys CD4 T cells and is the aetiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV is divided into 2 types, both of which cause AIDS: HIV 1, responsible for the global epidemic; and HIV 2, less pathogenic and restricted mostly to West Africa. AIDS, which usually occurs after approximately 6 to 9 years of HIV infection, is a constellation of opportunistic and other infections. Difference between HIV and AIDS is that HIV is the virus that causes AIDS.
  HIV is spread through contact with certain body fluids from a person with HIV. These body fluids include: Blood, Semen, Pre-seminal fluid, Vaginal fluids, Rectal fluids, Breast milk. The spread of HIV from person to person is called HIV transmission.
  Diagnosis is made through a blood test that screens specifically for the virus. If HIV has been found, the test result is "positive." The blood is re-tested several times before a positive result is given. If a person has been exposed to the virus, it is crucial that they get tested as soon as possible. The earlier HIV is detected, the more likely the treatment will be successful. A home testing kit can be used as well. After infection with HIV, it can take from 3 weeks to 6 months for the virus to show up in testing. Symptoms such as fever, weakness, and weight loss may be a sign that a person’s HIV has advanced to AIDS.
  Currently, there is no vaccine or cure for HIV, but treatments have evolved which are much more effective and better tolerated; they can improve patients' general health and quality of life considerably, in as little as one pill per day. It is now established that, given the right treatment, someone living with HIV can reduce his or her viral load to such a degree that it is no longer detectable. For example, in Kenya victims are given antiretrovirals ARVS pills to help in slowing down movement of the virus. The government provides these pills for free. Fortunately, if an individual believes they have been exposed to the virus within the last 72 hours (3 days), anti-HIV medications, called PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) may stop infection. The treatment should be taken as soon as possible after contact with the virus.
Morris Kiohi

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